A figure of Wen Chang

Ming dynasty, 15th/16th century
China

height: 19.5 cm

Carved in solid ivory, he stands with both hands behind his back – the voluminous sleeves of a long robe amply covering his arms and hands; the robe descends to the ground, and his shoes protrude beneath. This garment is secured around the waist by a double belt that runs below and above the stomach – accentuating the area. The outfit is completed by a tall stepped and domed official’s hat – painted in black cold pigments – which sits high on his forehead. His head is tilted slightly to the right, with an amused quizzical expression.

Wen Chang is one from a group of Chinese gods that emerged from a long-standing interest in astronomy, and he is associated with Ursa Major (‘Great Bear’). The constellation was keenly followed by the scholar official class for clues and guidance – representing a parallel in the heavens for their activities on earth. The god was revered for his ability to assure success in the civil service examinations that led to powerful positions within the bureaucracy, and subsequent material gain; as such, the stellar god takes on the appearance of a member of this literati class.

reference
‘Chinese Ivories from the Shang to the Qing’ The Oriental Ceramic Society and British Museum, 1984 – figure 103.